Researchers develop novel method to photosynthesize hydrogen peroxide using water and air

Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a microporous covalent organic framework with dense donor–acceptor lattices and engineered linkages for the efficient and clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) through the photosynthesis process with water and air.

Traditional industrial production of H₂O₂ via the anthraquinone process using hydrogen and oxygen is highly energy-intensive. This approach employs toxic solvents and expensive noble-metal catalysts and generates substantial waste from side reactions.

In contrast, photocatalytic production of H₂O₂ from oxygen and water offers an energy-efficient, mild, and clean route. Most importantly, it addresses the common drawbacks of existing photocatalytic systems, such as low activity, heavy use of additional alcohol sacrificial donors, and the necessity for pure oxygen gas input.

A research team led by Professor Jiang Donglin from the NUS Department of Chemistry has developed a new type of photocatalyst for the efficient artificial photosynthesis of H₂O₂ from water and air. The researchers constructed hexavalent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in which the skeleton is designed to be donor-acceptor π columns for high-rate photo-induced charge generation and catalytic active sites.

In parallel, the pore is engineered with hydraulically sensitive trigonal microporous channels for immediate delivery of reactants water and oxygen. As a result, these hexavalent COFs produce H₂O₂ spontaneously and efficiently from water and atmospheric air when exposed to visible light in both batch and flow reactors.

Under laboratory conditions, the COFs demonstrate a quantum efficiency of 17.5 percent under visible light at 420 nm in batch reactors. This system can be developed to construct self-cleaning surfaces and for disinfection treatments.

The research findings were published in Nature Catalysis.

Prof Jiang said, "In this work, we successfully addressed a key and common issue in photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and heterogeneous catalysts, which is the efficient supply of charges and mass to catalytic sites. Our focus on precise structural design at the atomic level to explore both the skeletons and pores of COFs has led to the creation of an artificial photosynthesis system for H₂O₂ production, achieving unprecedented photocatalytic efficiency."