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Revolutionary nanodrones enable targeted cancer treatment

Revolutionary nanodrones enable targeted cancer treatment
Schematic image of NK cell-engaging nanodrones (NKeNDs). Credit: UNIST

A study led by Professor Sebyung Kang and Professor Sung Ho Park in the Department of Biological Sciences at UNIST has unveiled a remarkable breakthrough in cancer treatment. The research team has successfully developed unprecedented "NK cell-engaging nanodrones" capable of selectively targeting and eliminating cancer cells, offering a potential solution for intractable types of cancers.

The known as natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the body's immune response against . Numerous efforts have been made to harness the power of NK cells to develop effective cancer therapies. Now, the research team has designed and fabricated exceptional NK cell-engaging nanodrones, referred to as NKeNDs, using AaLS protein cage nanoparticles.

These groundbreaking NKeNDs simultaneously display cancer-targeting ligands, such as HER2Afb or EGFRAfb, and NK cell-recruiting ligands, aCD16Nb, on the surface of the AaLS through the SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligation system. The dual ligand-displaying NKeNDs, named HER2 @NKeND and EGFR@NKeND, have demonstrated the ability to selectively bind to HER2-overexpressing SK-OV-3 cells and EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 cells, respectively, as well as human NK cells.

The physical engagement of human NK cells with the target cancer cells mediated by the NKeNDs activates the NK cells, enabling them to eliminate the target in vitro effectively. Remarkably, in SK-OV-3 tumor-bearing mice, the administration of HER2 @NKeNDs along with human PBMCs facilitates the infiltration of activated human NK cells into the tumor sites. As a result, is significantly suppressed without causing noticeable side effects.

Revolutionary nanodrones enable targeted cancer treatment
The activation of human NK cells in the presence of both target cancer cells and corresponding NKeNDs or other nanodrone variants using flow cytometry. Credit: UNIST

This study showcases a novel approach to developing cancer-specific NK cell engagers by utilizing protein cage nanoparticles and recombinant cancer cell binders. It offers tremendous potential for the selective treatment of previously intractable types of cancers.

Professor Kang Se-byung expressed his excitement about the study, stating, "This research presents new possibilities for immune treatment through NK cell delivery nanodrones, overcoming challenges such as the movement and survival of NK . We aim to provide new opportunities for customized treatments that selectively address various types of cancer through further research, including cancer-specific immune cell induction."

Revolutionary nanodrones enable targeted cancer treatment
NK cell-dependent in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of HER2 @NKeND. Credit: UNIST

The study is published in the journal Nano Today.

More information: Seong Guk Park et al, Protein cage nanoparticle-based NK cell-engaging nanodrones (NKeNDs) effectively recruit NK cells to target tumor sites and suppress tumor growth, Nano Today (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2023.102075

Journal information: Nano Today

Citation: Revolutionary nanodrones enable targeted cancer treatment (2023, December 29) retrieved 7 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2023-12-revolutionary-nanodrones-enable-cancer-treatment.html
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