New research shows Antarctic summer thaw starts earlier, ends later than previously believed
New research from Colgate University changes our understanding of seasonal thawing in parts of Antarctica, as scientists have learned that summer thawing occurs nearly a month earlier, and stays thawed for a full two months longer than previously believed.
The research, titled "Timing and duration of ephemeral Antarctic water tracks and wetlands using high temporal-resolution satellite imagery, high spatial-resolution satellite imagery, and ground-based sensors in the McMurdo Dry Valleys," is published today in Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research.
-
Example of the terrain correction process at the Coral Ridge site. The color image (RGB image, left) contains both wetted soils (blue arrows) and shadowed dark pixels (red arrows). Using the time-of-collection hillshade (center panel), it is possible to remove the contribution to surface reflectance from illumination falling on rough surfaces and darkening caused by shadows to produce a “flattened” terrain-corrected image (right), where dark pixels are dominantly caused by wetting of soils. Bright pixels may be snow and/or bright surface materials such as salt. Credit: Joe Levy/Colgate University -
Example of classification of water track or wetland activity. At left, in the terrain-corrected image, dark linear features are interpreted as water tracks. In the center panel, darkened pixels may be water tracks and/or ponded soil moisture wetlands; however, because the image could not be terrain corrected, it is considered “unconfirmed.” At right, no water tracks are present in the terrain-corrected image. Credit: Joe Levy/Colgate University
Researchers used newly available satellite imaging from Planet, which can scan the surface of the Earth daily or even multiple times per day. The new stream of data is having a major impact, as researchers in the past had to rely on far fewer satellite images, or had to make the voyage to Antarctica to conduct soil measurements in person.
"What we found was that when you can scan coastal Antarctica almost every day, not just a couple of times a summer, we see that the ground is actually thawing and turning into icy swamps a full month earlier than we used to think, and it's staying wet and thawed a full two months later, even into March," Said Levy.
"What's even more fascinating is that this ground is thawing and staying thawed at temperatures below freezing, so we know salts must be helping it to melt and keeping it muddy, like salting a road during a snowstorm," he said.
Levy explains that this extended melt is great for organisms that need meltwater to survive in the harsh climate, but it is bad news for the long-term stability of the permafrost. Co-authors of the paper include Levy's former student, Lily Kuentz, who is now studying at the University of Oregon, and Mark Salvatore of Northern Arizona University. Former Colgate students Kyle Baun, Max Wang, MC Rapoza, Izzy King, and Gary Kuang all contributed to the paper while they were completing their undergraduate degrees.
More information: Lily Kuentz et al, Timing and duration of ephemeral Antarctic water tracks and wetlands using high temporal–resolution satellite imagery, high spatial–resolution satellite imagery, and ground-based sensors in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (2022). DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2022.2123858
Provided by Colgate University
